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Economy Family businesses

Minimizing foreign exchange risk for small and medium-sized family businesses in Mexico | Part 2

Financial instruments

In an increasingly interconnected global environment, family-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico face significant risks due to exchange rate volatility. Fluctuating currencies can affect both costs and revenues, impacting the financial stability of businesses. To mitigate these risks, it is essential that SMEs consider using financial instruments designed to protect against adverse fluctuations in the foreign exchange market.

Currency forwards

Definition

Currency forwards are customised contracts that allow the exchange rate to be fixed for a future transaction on the agreed date. Unlike futures, forwards are not traded on organised exchanges, which offers flexibility in terms of amount and maturity date, adapting to the specific needs of companies.

Practical use

Consider a Mexican family business that exports products to the United States. This company might be concerned that the Mexican peso will devalue before it receives payment for its exports. By using a forward contract, the company can lock in today the exchange rate at which it will convert the dollars it will receive at a future date, eliminating uncertainty about how much it will receive in pesos.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the main advantages of forwards is the ability to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty, allowing for more precise financial planning. However, a potential disadvantage is the lack of flexibility: if the exchange rate at maturity is more favourable than the agreed rate, the company will not be able to benefit from this change.

Currency Options

Definition

Currency options are contracts that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a currency at a predetermined exchange rate at a future date. There are two main types of options: call options and put options.

Practical use

Let’s imagine a family business that imports machinery from Europe. Concerned about a possible appreciation of the euro, the company decides to buy a call option that will allow it to purchase euros at a fixed exchange rate in the future. If the euro appreciates beyond the exchange rate fixed in the option, the company will exercise the option and buy the euros at the agreed exchange rate. If the exchange rate is more favourable in the market, the company can choose not to exercise the option.

Advantages and disadvantages

Options offer great flexibility, as they allow companies to benefit from favourable exchange rate movements while being protected from adverse movements. However, this flexibility comes at a cost: the premium paid to acquire the option. This premium can represent a significant expense, especially for SMEs with limited resources.

Currency Swaps

Definition

Currency swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows in different currencies over a specified period of time. This instrument is commonly used to manage long-term currency exposures.

Practical Use

Suppose a family-owned company in Mexico receives revenues in dollars from its foreign sales, but has most of its costs in pesos. To reduce its exposure to exchange rate risk, the company can agree to a currency swap with a bank. In this agreement, the company will exchange its dollar revenues for pesos at a fixed exchange rate for the duration of the contract, ensuring that it will have the pesos necessary to cover its operating expenses.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Swaps allow companies to align their cash flows across currencies, reducing exposure to foreign exchange risk. However, they can be complex to structure and require an ongoing relationship with a financial counterparty, which can incur additional costs.

Currency futures

Definition

Currency futures are standardized contracts traded on organized exchanges, obligating parties to buy or sell a specific amount of a currency at a specified price on a future date. Unlike forwards, futures have fixed characteristics in terms of contract size and expiration dates.

Practical use

An SME that wants to protect itself against a devaluation of the peso could buy a future contract in which it agrees to sell dollars at a pre-established exchange rate at a future date. If the peso depreciates, the company can sell the dollars at the agreed exchange rate in the future, thereby protecting its value in pesos.

Advantages and disadvantages

Futures offer transparency and liquidity as they are traded on organised exchanges. However, they require margin and are subject to daily adjustments in accordance with exchange rate movement, which can lead to fluctuations in the company’s accounts.

Natural cover

Definition

Natural hedging is a non-financial strategy in which a company attempts to align its revenues and expenses in the same currency, thereby reducing exposure to foreign exchange risk.

Practical use

A family business that exports products can look for suppliers that invoice in the same currency as its revenues, for example, in dollars, to avoid exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the peso and the dollar. By matching its revenues and expenses in the same currency, the company reduces the need to use financial instruments.

Advantages and disadvantages

Natural hedging is a simple and effective strategy to minimize foreign exchange risk without incurring additional costs. However, its applicability may be limited, as it is not always possible to align all cash flows in the same currency.

Recommendations for instrument selection

When selecting a financial instrument for managing foreign exchange risk, family-owned SMEs should consider their risk profile, the size of their operations, and their specific foreign exchange exposure. It is crucial that these companies seek financial advice to ensure that they are using the right instruments for their particular situation. In addition, ongoing training in international finance is vital to ensure that hedging decisions are informed and effective.

Conclusions

Using financial instruments for currency risk management is an essential strategy for small and medium-sized family businesses in Mexico. These instruments not only protect against currency volatility, but also allow companies to plan and operate with greater financial security. While each instrument has its advantages and disadvantages, the key is to select the one that best aligns with the company’s specific needs and capabilities.

Author: Smart Consulting.

Categories
Business Family businesses

Minimizing Foreign Exchange Risk for Small and Medium Family-Owned Businesses in Mexico | Part 1

In the current context of political and economic uncertainty in Mexico, small and medium-sized family-owned businesses (SMEs) face significant challenges in maintaining stability and growth. It is crucial that these businesses adopt effective financial strategies to mitigate the risks associated with foreign exchange market fluctuations, which can negatively impact their operations and long-term profitability. As a financial consultant specializing in family-owned SMEs, my goal is to provide practical and strategic guidance to protect your assets and optimize your operations in this changing economic environment.

Strategies to minimize foreign exchange risk

Currency diversification

A key strategy to reduce exposure to foreign exchange risk is currency diversification. Family-owned SMEs may consider holding assets and accounts in different currencies, which allows them to balance losses in one currency with gains in another. This strategy is especially relevant for businesses in export sectors, where exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on profit margins. For example, a family-owned SME that exports handicraft products could diversify its income by receiving payments in both US dollars and euros, thereby mitigating the risks of adverse fluctuations in the Mexican peso.

Use of financial derivatives

The use of financial derivatives, such as futures contracts and options, can be an effective tool to protect against unfavorable movements in exchange rates. These instruments allow for fixing current exchange rates for future transactions, providing cost certainty and reducing the risk of losses due to exchange rate fluctuations. This strategy can be particularly useful for family-owned SMEs in manufacturing and international trade sectors, which rely on imports of raw materials or components whose costs can be affected by variations in the exchange rate. For example, a family-owned company that imports technology equipment could use futures contracts to secure foreign currency revenues and protect against fluctuations in the peso-dollar exchange rate.

Local financing in foreign currency

Opting for financing in local currency is another recommended strategy to mitigate exchange rate risk in family-owned SMEs, especially in the service and local trade sectors. By obtaining financing in Mexican pesos rather than in dollars or other foreign currencies, businesses can reduce vulnerability to currency fluctuations and stabilize operating costs. For example, a family-owned business that operates an imported clothing store could finance itself in Mexican pesos, thereby protecting its profit margins by avoiding direct exposure to unfavorable exchange rate movements.

Constant monitoring and adaptability

Constant market monitoring and the ability to adapt financial strategies based on market conditions are essential practices for family-owned SMEs. This is especially important in local tourism and service sectors, where revenues are highly dependent on foreign currencies and are exposed to significant exchange rate fluctuations. For example, a family-owned business that runs a small boutique hotel and attracts international tourists could dynamically adjust its rates in local currency to maintain competitiveness and protect its profit margins from unforeseen exchange rate changes.

Conclusion

By implementing these specific strategies according to the needs and characteristics of family SMEs, entrepreneurs can effectively mitigate the risk of financial losses due to unforeseen fluctuations in exchange rates. In addition, they will improve their ability to adapt and proactively respond to a changing and challenging economic environment such as the current one in Mexico. Continuous vigilance and flexibility in financial strategies will be essential to ensure the stability and sustained growth of family SMEs in the long term.

Author: Smart Consulting

Categories
Family businesses

From A to Z in Family Businesses, my learning

My love for family businesses has meant that I never have to work, I simply live my passion for the complexity that each company challenges me to, each one of them so unique, so special. So I thought I would share a compendium of elements that must be considered when working with family businesses, from the heart and the mind.

A – Family harmony | Family harmony is essential in family businesses. It refers to cohesion, understanding and cooperation between family members, which contributes to the long-term success of the business.

B – Benefits of family businesses | Benefits include the ability to make long-term decisions, loyalty and commitment of family employees, and the ability to maintain family culture and values in the business.

C – Efficient communication | Effective communication is essential to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts in family businesses. This includes openness in discussing problems and transparent decision-making.

D – Challenges in succession | Succession is a complicated process where a family member takes over the leadership of the business. It can be challenging due to expectations, rivalries and generational differences.

E – Long-term success | Family businesses have the advantage of thinking long-term, which can lead to sustainable success if managed properly.

F – Strengths and weaknesses | Family businesses often have strengths, such as trust and commitment, but also weaknesses, such as lack of professionalism or family conflicts.

G – Family governance | Involves the creation of structures and processes for decision-making within the family and the business, such as family meetings or family councils.

H – Family History | Family history and legacy can be a valuable asset in a family business and should be respected and passed on to future generations.

I – Innovation in family businesses | Innovation is essential for the adaptation and growth of family businesses over time.

J – Boards of Directors | Boards of directors in family businesses may include family members and outside professionals to provide independent guidance and oversight.

K – KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) | Setting KPIs helps measure company performance and ensures effective management.

L – Leadership in family businesses | Leadership must balance family and business interests, and can be exercised by family members or non-family members.

M – Business model | A family business’s business model must be robust and adaptable to changing market conditions.

N – Family norms and values | Establishing family norms and values helps guide the behavior of family members in the company and in everyday life.

O – Customer Orientation | Family businesses must maintain a strong focus on meeting customer needs to be successful.

P – Succession Planning | Careful succession planning ensures a smooth transition of company management to the next generation.

Q – Bankruptcy and Recovery | Family businesses can face financial difficulties, and resilience is essential to overcome such challenges.

R – Corporate Social Responsibility | Family businesses often have a strong sense of responsibility towards their communities and engage in CSR activities.

S – Conflict Resolution | Effective management of family conflicts is crucial to avoid business disruption.

T – Tradition and change | Family businesses must balance the preservation of tradition with adaptation to new trends and technologies.

U – Family Unity | Unity and mutual support are essential to the long-term success of a family business.

V – Vision and mission | A clear vision and a defined mission help guide the company’s strategy and growth.

W – Willingness to Change | Willingness to adapt to new circumstances and embrace change is crucial to a company’s survival.

X – X-Factors (Key Success Factors) | Factors that contribute to success can vary by company, but often include effective leadership, innovation, and adaptability.

Y – Innovation Reservoirs | Identifying and leveraging new opportunities and ideas is important for continued growth.

Z – Comfort zone | Getting out of the comfort zone is necessary for development and innovation in a family business.

Interesting, isn’t it? Family businesses are undoubtedly the most interesting thing a consultant can experience.

Author: Smart Consulting.

Categories
Family businesses

The shadow of the successor

Challenges related to business succession and continuity.

In family businesses there are numerous challenges related to the succession and continuity of the company, with it a natural process of adaptation of the family successor, one of the strongest challenges is to eliminate the shadow that is created by the founder.

Creating the successor’s own story has the following challenges:

  • High expectations | The successor often faces very high expectations from the family, collaborators and other members interested in the company. This can create significant pressure to demonstrate his leadership ability.
  • Pressure to maintain the legacy | If the previous leader (usually the founder or leader of the previous generation) has left a strong mark on the company, the successor may feel the pressure to maintain and build on that legacy, which can be a challenge in itself.
  • Complicated family dynamics | Family dynamics can complicate the relationship between the successor and other family members who are not involved in the company or who have different visions about its future direction.
  • Resistance to change | If the successor seeks to implement significant changes in the business, he or she may face resistance from employees and other family members who are accustomed to the way things were done under the previous leadership.
  • Pressure for immediate results | The pressure to demonstrate quick, positive results can be intense, which can lead the successor to make hasty or risky decisions.
  • Need for ongoing development | The successor often needs ongoing professional development to acquire the skills and knowledge needed to effectively lead the business.
  • Balance between family and business | Maintaining an appropriate balance between family responsibilities and business responsibilities can be challenging, especially when working in a family business.
  • Managing the shadow | The successor must learn to manage the shadow he or she casts and how this influence can affect the business and business decisions.
  • Effective communication | Establishing effective communication with all stakeholders, including family, employees, and business partners, is crucial to addressing the challenges associated with the successor’s shadow.
  • Managing these challenges requires a strategic approach, careful succession planning, development of leadership skills, and open and honest communication with all stakeholders. It may also be helpful to engage external advice, such as family business consultants or counselors, to successfully navigate these challenges.

Author: Smart Consulting

Categories
Family businesses

Family Genogram

What is a family genogram?

A family genogram is like a drawing or graphic that shows the structure of a family and the relationships between its members over time. It is used to visually represent information about the family, such as who parents, children, grandparents are, and how they take each other.

Practical application in family businesses

In the context of family businesses, genagrams can be very useful tools. Here I show you how they can be applied:

  1. Understand family dynamics | Genograms help business families to understand their structure and dynamics. They can show who is involved in the company, who has influence and how they relate to each other.

2. Succession planning | Genograms can identify family members who are interested in the company and can help in the planning of the succession. They can show who could assume leadership roles in the future.

3. Conflict resolution | If there are family conflicts in the company, a genogram can help visualize relationships and conflict areas. This can facilitate communication and problem solving.

4. Knowledge of skills and strengths | A genogram can highlight the skills and strengths of family members. This can be useful for assigning roles and responsibilities in the company based on individual skills.

5. Personal interest identification | It can help determine the personal interests and goals of family members in relation to the company. Some may be more interested in the financial aspect, while others can focus on expansion.

6. Communication improvement | Using a genogram in family and business gatherings can promote open communication and facilitate mutual understanding.

In summary, a family genogram is a powerful visual tool that can help family businesses to understand and better manage family and business dynamics. It helps identify who is involved, who could lead in the future and how family and business challenges can be addressed more effectively.

Author: Smart Consulting.

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